The new drug looked so promising — except for that one warning sign.

At the American College of Rheumatology's annual meeting in 2008, Duke University's Dr. John Sundy proudly announced that pegloticase, a drug he'd helped develop, was astoundingly effective at treating severe gout, which affects perhaps 50,000 Americans. In about half of those who had taken it, the drug melted away the crystalline uric acid deposits that encrusted their joints to cause years of pain, immobility, or disfigurement.

But Sundy also disclosed an unsettling detail: In one clinical trial, patients who got the drug were more likely to develop heart problems than those who didn't. The day after Sundy's talk, the stock price of Savient Pharmaceuticals, which developed the drug with Duke scientists, plunged 75%.

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