Fred Reish, well-known among advisors as the ERISA guru, recently predicted areas of "relief" that the Department of Labor's Employee Benefits Security Administration will provide when it reproposes its rule amending the definition of fiduciary early next year.

Phyllis Borzi, assistant secretary for EBSA, announced Oct. 25 that the administration would repropose its controversial rule amending the definition of fiduciary under ERISA "shortly after the first of the year."

Reish, partner and chair of the Financial Services ERISA Team at Drinker Biddle & Reath in Los Angeles, says the decision to repropose the rule is a "victory for the private sector and particularly for insurance companies and broker-dealers who objected to a number of provisions in the initial proposal." However, he says, "the victory may be limited" as DOL will likely provide relief "on certain issues, but not on others."

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As Borzi noted on Oct. 25, the basic structure of the proposal will remain in place. As Reish notes, while "a broad revision of the regulation" is unlikely, "there will be 'adjustments' to deal with specific issues."

While this news "may be of welcome relief to the financial services industry," Reish says, "it will probably not be helpful to those who are concerned about fiduciary status for ongoing services and recommendations to qualified retirement plans, such as 401(k) plans."

In those cases, Reish continues, "specific recommendations are made and the services are ongoing. As a result, it is likely that the changes in the re-proposal will continue to be expansive in terms of broadening the definition of fiduciary advice—particularly for small- and mid-sized plans."

Following are Reish's seven "best guesses" on the areas in which DOL will provide relief:

  1. Individual retirement accounts: It is likely the DOL will extend the exemptions of Prohibited Transaction Class Exemption 86-128 to virtually all advice given to the owners of IRAs. In other words, it is likely that both broker-dealers and RIAs will be able to give individualized advice to IRA owners and receive compensation that is not level, that is, the compensation may vary based on the recommendations, which would be more consistent with a broker-dealer business model than with an RIA business model. It will be interesting to see if the DOL imposes any limitations on that exemption, for example, disclosures concerning any variable compensation.
  2. Commissions: Many of the people who criticized the proposed regulation asserted that it precluded commissions as compensation. That is because, where advice is given and compensation is variable, it can result in prohibited transactions. On the other hand, level compensation, regardless of whether it is a fee or a commission, would not result in a prohibited transaction. It seems likely that, in response to the criticism, the DOL will clarify that, commissions are not per se precluded as a form of compensation for fiduciary advice, so long as they are level.
  3. Insurance: In certain cases (for example, insurance agents), the agent represents the provider (i.e., the insurance company) and not the customer (e.g., the plan). The proposed regulation created an exemption for those cases, so long as, among other things, the agent made it clear to the customer that the agent's interests were "adverse" to the customer's. Needless to say, there were strong objections to the use of the word "adverse," with the argument being that the agent could be looking out for the best interests of the customer and at the same time recommending a product offered by an affiliate. It is likely that the DOL will offer a "softer" version of that exemption that will be more acceptable to the private sector and more consistent with common understandings.
  4. Appraisals: The proposed regulations would have classified appraisers as fiduciaries in a variety of cases. It is likely that the range of cases will be limited, because of objections to the general nature of the rule—and since the primary focus of the change was for appraisers of closely held stock in ESOPs. It is also possible that there will be some clarification of the responsibilities of the appraiser. For example, the preamble or the regulation should specify that the appraiser is a fiduciary for purposes of determining the most accurate valuation and not for the purposes of determining a valuation most favorable to the participants.
  5. Commercial transactions: A number of commercial transactions, such as swaps, could have been covered by the literal wording of the proposed regulation. The DOL has stated that it will clarify those issues and permit the continuation of transactions that are clearly commercial in nature and that are arm's-length.
  6. Exemptions and opinions: The DOL has also stated that the reproposed guidance will provide for the continuation of existing exemptions, advisory opinions and other guidance related to fiduciary transactions.
  7. "Individualized" advice: Under the proposed regulation, in a number of circumstances the provision of investment recommendations, whether individualized or not, would have resulted in fiduciary status. The DOL has suggested that it will limit the regulation to circumstances in which individualized advice is provided and is directed to specific parties. 
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Melanie Waddell

Melanie is senior editor and Washington bureau chief of ThinkAdvisor. Her ThinkAdvisor coverage zeros in on how politics, policy, legislation and regulations affect the investment advisory space. Melanie’s coverage has been cited in various lawmakers’ reports, letters and bills, and in the Labor Department’s fiduciary rule in 2024. In 2019, Melanie received an Honorable Mention, Range of Work by a Single Author award from @Folio. Melanie joined Investment Advisor magazine as New York bureau chief in 2000. She has been a columnist since 2002. She started her career in Washington in 1994, covering financial issues at American Banker. Since 1997, Melanie has been covering investment-related issues, holding senior editorial positions at American Banker publications in both Washington and New York. Briefly, she was content chief for Internet Capital Group’s EFinancialWorld in New York and wrote freelance articles for Institutional Investor. Melanie holds a bachelor’s degree in English from Towson University. She interned at The Baltimore Sun and its suburban edition.