A funny thing happened on the way to researching the article "The Big 401k Fiduciary Question: Target Date or Target Risk?

 I'd expected the usual complaints about target date funds, but, in the end, I also expected the financial professionals I interviewed to overwhelmingly endorse the use of TDFs. After all, as a group, who's more responsible for the success of TDFs than the financial service industry, the crowd responsible for so enthusiastically recommended them to 401(k) plan sponsors?

Not only was there a lack of consensus regarding preference, but I'd say there was, at most, an even split, if not a slight edge in favor of target risk funds. This got me wondering: Why would practitioners prefer TRFs when the "easy" choice would be to use the most popular flavor? Its clear TDFs present problems for investors (e.g., no consensus on what the "date" refers to and managing to a risk based on age rather than individual need, to name just two).

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On the other hand, the allure of "set-it-and-forget-it" – however inappropriate that might be – cannot be understated. Neither can it be obtained by using TRFs, making TDFs the only game in town.

While lay-investors can be forgiven for overlooking the problems of TDFs, professional advisors (as well as plan sponsors) who act as plan fiduciaries can't afford that luxury. This is like the difference between an out-of-towner and a local resident when it comes to driving from point A to point B. An out-of-towner might spend more time in the car by using well-marked main roads. This same path would frustrate the local resident, who can more quickly get to the destination by using shortcuts unfamiliar to the out-of-towner.

Similarly, a lay-investor might be more comfortable with using a TDF because it represents a reasonable approximation of that lay-investor's need. It's not perfect, but it's close enough. A lay-investor sees a TDF as a glass half full.

On the other hand, a professional advisor is more likely to see a TDF as a glass half empty. Its imperfection is glaring, downright cringe worthy – fingernails on the chalkboard cringe worthy. The professional is trained to be exacting, and the mere approximation offered by TDFs simply doesn't rise to the standard. The professional sees the unique profile of a TDF as a series of cascading TRFs over time. Its the dissonance between the fund's temporal risk profile and the investor's time-based risk profile that so agitates the financial professional. Investors don't look for this harmony. Professionals do.

This represents but the tip of the iceberg when it comes to the professionals' issues regarding TDFs. When interviewed, an alarming number expressed concern about the lack of consistency with TDFs. This goes far beyond the ad nauseum "to" vs. "through" glide path debate. It, instead, focuses on the very making of the portfolios created within TDFs. The lack of consistency stretches from the underlying securities (are they individual stocks and bonds or are they mutual funds?) to the asset allocation of similarly dated TDFs. Lack of consistency makes it almost impossible to genuinely compare TDFs with the same target dates. How can one reasonably expect a professional to assess a TDF if no reliable peer group exists?

As one professional told me, with TRFs, "you know what you get." The same cannot be said TDFs. And, yet, investors are trusting professionals to "know what they are getting." To date, TDFs have put professional advisors in an uncomfortable and unfair position. When will the mutual fund industry recognize this? Better yet, when will they do something about it?

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Christopher Carosa

Chris Carosa has been writing a weekly article and monthly column for BenefitsPRO online and BenefitsPRO Magazine since 2011 and is a nationally recognized award-winning writer, researcher and speaker. He’s written seven books, including From Cradle to Retire: The Child IRA; Hey! What’s My Number? – How to Increase the Odds You Will Retire in Comfort; A Pizza The Action: Everything I Ever Learned About Business I Learned By Working in a Pizza Stand at the Erie County Fair; and the widely acclaimed 401(k) Fiduciary Solutions. Carosa is also Chief Contributing Editor of the authoritative trade journal FiduciaryNews.com and publisher of the Mendon-Honeoye Falls-Lima Sentinel, a weekly community newspaper he founded in 1989. Currently serving as President of the National Society of Newspaper Columnists and with more than 1,000 articles published in various publications, he appears regularly in the national media. A “parallel” entrepreneur, he actively runs a handful of businesses, including a small boutique investment adviser, providing hands-on experience for his writing. A trained astrophysicist, he also holds an MBA and has been designated a Certified Trust and Financial Advisor. Share your thoughts and story ideas with him through Facebook (https://www.facebook.com/christophercarosa/)and Twitter (https://twitter.com/ChrisCarosa).