With many U.S. hospitals looking down the barrel of Cadillac tax payments by 2022, if not sooner, the flexible spending account may soon vanish as a benefits option.

That's what a hospital benefits survey by Cammack Health found when it polled hospitals about the effects of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on their benefits designs.

The study said that, given annual plan value increases of about 6 percent, most of those surveyed said they would trigger the Cadillac tax on "rich" plans by 2022. Because flexible spending accounts add to a plan's value, many said they would likely drop the  option.

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"The 'high' plans, or buy-up plans, may become a thing of the past as the Cadillac tax puts pressure on employers to reduce benefits," the survey said. "This is certainly the case with FSAs. If we include the value of FSAs in our total tax calculation, tax liability increases dramatically, making it hard to imagine a scenario in which employers continue to offer FSAs past 2018."

While Cammack commented that the administration is under great pressure to alter or eliminate the tax, its survey demonstrated the high degree of concern hospitals have about triggering the costly tax.

Health care reform's requirements for providing coverage to employees who work more than 30 hours a week—the new full-time employee—has motivated hospitals to keep  a closer eye on  hours worked.

"Since the ACA went into effect, most respondents are now tracking the number hours worked by employees, and offering coverage accordingly. Hospitals have adopted a number of measures to avoid penalties," the report said.

Hospitals are taking other steps to control increasing health benefits costs. Among them:

  • An upswing in spousal surcharges, among other cost-controlling measures;

  • An increase in RX plans that charge 100 percent of drug costs when employees go outside of a formulary;

  • Increased presence of what is known as "steerage" in plan design, which incentivizes employees to use hospital facilities and physicians rather than go outside of the hospital network for services;

  • In the arena of wellness incentives, more hospitals are moving towards outcomes-based measures, but the majority still reward participation regardless of outcome.

"Though the methods of dealing with the impending changes vary, every employer is grappling with the increasingly worrisome reality that the PPACA will increase costs before it manages to reduce them," the report said. "From the provider perspective, hospitals also face cuts to reimbursement impacting their ability to offer benefits, with or without a Cadillac tax. This leads many hospitals to wonder where their own employee health benefit cost increases are coming from. Time will tell who manages to remain unscathed by the coming changes."

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Dan Cook

Dan Cook is a journalist and communications consultant based in Portland, OR. During his journalism career he has been a reporter and editor for a variety of media companies, including American Lawyer Media, BusinessWeek, Newhouse Newspapers, Knight-Ridder, Time Inc., and Reuters. He specializes in health care and insurance related coverage for BenefitsPRO.