As this is written, the primary election season is off and running and Americans are making choices that will determine which candidates battle to become POTUS in the November election. Since polls and actual voting outcomes are not always the same, there is a great deal of speculation about people's actions. Will people vote rationally — for the candidate they believe to be the best qualified? Or for the candidate who seems likeable or might shake up a system that dissatisfies many?

Similarly, choices employees make drive the success or failure of our business. Historically, the voluntary market could rely on having the opportunity to meet with employees in person. But digital disruption has affected the business in recent years as increasing numbers of employers have moved toward online enrollment methods. This has changed our ability to influence employee choices.

As a result, words like “behavioral economics” and “choice architecture” have entered our everyday business discussions. We have moved toward figuring out how to positively influence employee enrollment choices. We are creating job titles like “Director of Engagement Solutions.” We are reading books like “Predictably Irrational” and “Misbehaving” and “Nudge.”

We are finding ways to influence behavior remotely, through digital commerce connections; designing tools that can help employees make good decisions. The biases that are behind many consumer decisions start with choice bias. If you give potential buyers too many choices, they will tend not to purchase. Keeping options simple or offering pre-selected packages can help overcome this.

People are more afraid of big unlikely risks than daily risks that are actually more imminent. Framing effects explain what causes people to eat less if their meals are served on smaller plates. Social norming is important in today's market, and is famously used by Amazon.com: What are other people like me buying? Other influencing forces behind decisions include loss aversion, default bias, anchoring, and present-day bias.

Voluntary marketers must keep these elements n mind as we think about our future marketing messages. The fact that 1 out of 3,000 American children suffers from cystic fibrosis will not cause many to donate to the quest for a cure. But an evening news report showing concerned parents and a young child with CF who needs thousands of dollars for a lifesaving operation will probably result in many pitching in. One in 3,000 is a statistic; the child is a specific. This concept easily carries over into the way we traditionally focus on probabilities versus personal stories. Only the stories matter enough to affect choices.

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