The average expense ratios for equity, hybrid, and bond mutual funds fell to 20-year lows during 2015, and money market expense ratios stayed at their 2014 lows.
According to data from the Investment Company Institute, the rise of index funds has contributed to the decrease in equity fund expense ratios, which on average fell 2 basis points to 68 basis points (0.68 percent of assets) in 2015. This follows a 4-basis-point decline in 2014, and makes it six years straight during which equity fund expense ratios have fallen.
An increase in the share of equity fund assets held in index funds contributed to the decline in equity fund expense ratios: Actively managed equity fund assets fell by $275 billion in 2015, while index equity fund assets rose by $109 billion.
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Bond fund expense ratios averaged 54 basis points in 2015, falling 3 basis points. This, according to ICI, reflects a decline in the assets of high-yield bond funds, which tend to have higher-than-average expense ratios. Those high-yield bond funds didn't perform well during 2015, either, pushing down the value of funds' holdings and prompting investor redemptions.
The average expense ratio of hybrid mutual funds, which invest in a mix of equities and bonds, fell 1 basis point to 77 basis points in 2015. That's a smaller decline than that experienced by stock and bond funds.
Hybrid fund assets have risen considerably in the last few years; some of that growth has come in "alternative strategy" funds, which now account for 8 percent of the assets of all hybrid funds. Alternative strategy funds offer fund investors diversification across a wider range of asset classes and lower correlation with the equity market, but such strategies can be more costly to manage. The average expense ratio for other types of hybrid funds fell 2 basis points in 2015.
Money market fund expense ratios for 2015, at an average of 13 basis points, were unchanged from 2014. The current low interest rate environment has limited the expense ratios of money market funds over the last few years, as these funds have waived portions of their fees to prevent their net yields falling below zero. In 2015, 98 percent of money market fund share classes waived at least some portion of their fees. Fund advisers and their distributors pay for these waivers, which totaled an estimated $5.5 billion in 2015.
The average expense ratios for actively managed equity and bond funds fell by 2 and 3 basis points, respectively, in 2015. Competitive pressures and investors' interest in lower-cost funds helped to push down the cost of actively managed funds. For both actively managed and index funds, this demand for lower costs can be seen in the concentration of assets in the very lowest-cost funds. In 2015, 57 percent of the assets of actively managed equity funds were held in the 10 percent of such funds with the lowest expense ratios. In 2015, 69 percent of index equity fund assets were held in the 10 percent of index equity funds with the lowest expense ratios.
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